The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s（）

Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.

Langue refers to the a（）linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.

Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k（）of the rules of his language.

Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context.

Pragmatics

Linguistics is generally defined as the s（）study of language.

Semantics

Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a（）linguistics.