Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.

Semantics

Langue refers to the a（）linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.

D（）is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.

Human capacity for language has a g（）basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.

General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.

Linguistics is generally defined as the s（）study of language.

The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.

Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k（）of the rules of his language.