The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.

protolanguage

What the element ‘-es’ indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element ‘-ed’ past tense, and ‘-ing’ progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also（）.

ethnic dialect

“It is raining hard” is a one-place predication sentence.

locutionary act

Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples?

The pair of words “l(fā)end”and “borrow”are（）.

Duality

In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of （）.